The outer or rayflorets are ligulate and zygomorphic and inner or. Sepals 35or 6, free or connate into a tube, sometimes bilabiate, rarely reduced or obsolete. Hulle kan in een of meer kranse gerangskik wees, lank, kort of gereduseerd wees en varieer in getal per krans. The type genus is aster, typified by daisies and sunflowers with starshaped flowerheads. Compositae the uniqueness of the aster or sunflower family is that what first seems to be a single large flower is actually a composite of many smaller flowers.
Asteraceae pollen dated to the eocene has also been found in egypt kedves, 1971, china song et al. Fossil pollen records have been used recently to shed light on the time of origin of asteraceae. How to build a hinged hoophouse for a raised bed garden duration. The family asteraceae or compositae known as the aster, daisy, or sunflower family is the largest family of flowering plants, in terms of number of species. Species of compositae contained within the plant list belong to 1,765 plant genera. Asteraceae, a rare endemic brazilian species with uniflorous capitula.
The plant list contains a working list of plants of the world. They make up the largest part of mexican flora, containing between 2000 and 3000 species and 371 native genera villasenor et al. Proceedings of the biological society of washington 1154. The inflorescence of asteraceae is so distinctive that the family was recognized as a distinct group early on, and given a name, compositae, that was so universally recognized that when the structure of family names was first formalized with the aeae suffix, it was agreed the compositae. Species of the asteraceae family and the genus eupatorium, have high biological potential and are used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The outer or rayflorets are ligulate and zygomorphic and inner or discflorets tubular and actinomorphic e. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This page was last edited on 24 december 2019, at 01. The genus asteraceae found to have characteristics of herbaceous or woody branching about 2550 cm. Plants in the large aster family asteraceae are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, vines, and trees with a compound inflorescence known as a flower head. You must decide if your cut flower is in this family or not. It is the largest plant family, or the second largest after orchids, depending on the criteria used, with over 20,000 species occupying almost all of the worlds habitats except underwater. Asteraceae see list of 5 genera in this family brickellia grandiflora hook. Asteraceae asteraceae is an exceedingly large and widespread family of flowering plants. Ii figure 1c, as well as cells with 3 poles table 1, and. Asteraceae species with most prominent bioactivity and their. The gardening channel with james prigioni recommended for you. On the basis of form of flowers the heads are of three types.
With more than 32,000 species, the asteraceae is arguably the largest of plant families although closely rivalled by the orchidaceae. The chamomile tribe includes the most aromatic members of. A list of all accepted names in compositae is available in csv format. This feature favours crosspollination over autogamy, but both reproductive systems coexist and they complement each other. The species included are grouped into 16167 genera, 620 families and 4 major groups. The asteraceae compositae family are commonly known as the daisy or sunflower family. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Some traits typical of asteraceae predate evolution of the family as a. The principal characters to recognize genera in the subtribe are. Us wildflowers database of family asteraceae wildflowers for all states click on thumbnail for larger version of image, scientific name for detail page. The aster subfamily consists of numerous tribes, some with species radically different from others in the subfamily. The head capitulum is an inflorescence and a number of capitula are often aggregated together to form a secondary inflorescence or synflorescence.
Several species of floral visitors were observed visiting the flowers of only one of the three asteraceae species. Pdf asteraceae is one of the largest families in the angiosperm. The scientific family name asteraceae has superseded the name, compositae. Many of them are spices used in traditional medicine to cure microbial infections. The aster family asteraceae is one of the largest angiosperm families, with more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world. A capitulum or head, the characteristic inflorescence of the sunflower family asteraceae. The plants are characterized by their composite flower heads and oneseeded achene fruits. Asteraceae compositae gallery wildflowers of the daisy family. Reproductive biology, seed germination and regeneration of.
Asteraceae is an economically important family, providing products such as cooking oils, leaf vegetables like lettuce, sunflower seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents, coffee substitutes and herbal teas. Calendula officinalis, the pot marigold, ruddles, common marigold or scotch marigold, is a plant in the genus calendula of the family asteraceae. It is the largest family of dicotyledons, comprising 950 genera and 20,000 species, out of which 697 species occur in india. For family names, the modern tendency in taxonomy is to use the name of a familiar plant in a certain family and to add the suffix aceae to the name. The group has more than 23,000 currently accepted species, spread across 1,620 genera and 12 subfamilies. Jun 30, 2017 nevertheless, there is a mexican species, f. Sweet aromatic smell due to essential oils present in sessile glandular hairs. Modeling the effects of climate change on the distribution of. The order is a cosmopolite plants found throughout most of the world including desert and frigid zones, and includes. Asteraceae or compositae is an exceedingly large and widespread family of flowering plants with more than 23,600 currently accepted species, spread across 1,620 genera and subfamilies.
The asteraceae family also known as compositae is an important part of biodiversity in mexico. Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the compositae asteraceae. Enter any portion of the scientific, common name, or both. Ariff who is also a senior quality consultant and has worked in many hospitals across the globe, initiates it.
A taxonomic family within the order asterales many composite plants. You may occasionally still find the compositae family name in older reference sources. Asteraceae plants of the aster or sunflower family previously known as the composite family. Thus, 31, 24, and 15 species of insects visited the flowers of p. The flower heads are commonly called daisies, and they are composed of multiple flowers, generally central disk flowers and petallike ray flowers, however, it is not. Fertile hybrid of black and brown knapweeds centaurea nigra x centaurea jacea.
The plants of this family have attracted considerable attention as rich sources of sesquiterpenoids, especially eudesmanetype of sesquiterpenoids sharma and goyal, 2011. Asteraceae, the aster, daisy, or composite family of the floweringplant order asterales. Asteraceae asteroideae the aster subfamily of the aster family. As regards the world diversity of the family, only about 12% of genera have been studied using cytoembryology to identify the reproduction system. The most distinctive feature of asteraceae is their inflorescence structure, the highly compressed inflorescence branch system called the capitulum or flower head, in which all the flowers are attached to a receptacle that is surrounded by involucral. A ray flower is a 3tipped 3lobed, strapshaped, individual flower in the head of some members of the family asteraceae.
Asteraceae, also called compositae, is one of the largest angiospermic plant families among the dicotyledonous, based on the large number of species 1,620. Request pdf asteraceae species with most prominent bioactivity and their potential. Jun 22, 2017 morphological features of flowers and inflorescences from of 14 species of subtribe leiboldiinae are analyzed, with the goal of identifying characters with taxonomic value for the delimitation of genera and species. Asteraceae, parasites, anthelmintic, phytotherapeutics. Taxonomic discussion on the asteraceae is included under the relevant tribes.
Asteraceae, the sunflower family, is one of the easiest plant families to recognize. The plant list includes 104,365 scientific plant names of species rank for the family compositae. Familiar common names, such as daisies, marigolds, zinnias, gazanias. Composite family definition of composite family at. Asteraceae is among the largest families of plants with more than 23,000 species that occupy all the continents except antarctica jeffrey, 2007. The corolla of the ray flower may have 2 tiny teeth opposite the 3lobed strap, or tongue, indicating evolution by fusion from an originally 5part corolla. Flower morphology and pollination in mikania asteraceae. Asteraceae flowers as supplemental food on the number of eggs laid during 7 d and on the. Sub families and species of fabaceae family also discussed here. Flowers of asteraceae the flower that you see is actually a head composed of many small florets. It is in the tribe senecioneae cassini 1818, which is considered the largest tribe of asteraceae with approximately 3500 species distributed among 150 genera nordenstam 2007. In the national herbarium, pretoria, we accept 18 tribes. Meiotic analysis of the germoplasm of three medicinal species. Asteraceae or compositae is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants.
In this floral formula of the solanaceae, note that the sepals are connate, the petals are connate into a sympetalous corolla, the stamens are epipetalous, the syncarpous gynoecium consists of 2 carpels, and the ovary is superior. They are world wide in distribution and abundant in tropics and in cold arctic or alpines regions. Each such head is ordinarily subtended by an involucre of small modified leaves bracts. Asteraceae, the aster, daisy, or composite family of the floweringplant order. Lamiaceae plants of the mint familyalso known as labiatae if you pick a plant with a distinctly square stalk and simple, opposite leaves, then it is very likely a member of the mint family. The following is a list of some of the major genera and. The asteraceae or compositae commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family are an exceedingly large and widespread family of flowering plants angiosperma 2. These plants have composite flowers which are actually flowerlike inflorescences. Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids from the asteraceae family.
Stems are branched with one flowerhead at each tip. Meiotic analysis of the germoplasm of three medicinal species from asteraceae family. The asteraceae, also known as the compositae, sunflower, aster or daisy family, is one of the largest plant families in the world. The largest angiosperm family, with about 1,100 genera and 25,000 species worldwide. Your state choice determines the appearance of other features in the key. Flower heads of the sunflower family asteraceae come in an astonishing variety of. Depending on the tribe, the inflorescence may consist of ray flowers, disk flowers, or both ray and disk flowers. The receptacle of the capitulum is the dilated axis or peduncle apex, in shape a disc, hemisphere or. Abstract the pollination biology of pseudostifftia kingii h. Capitula composed entirely of disk flowers or both ray and disk flowers, the ray flowers, when present, restricted to the margin of the capitulum and unisexual or sterile. Note that thistles and artichokes were reclassified from a tribe to a separate subfamily of their own.
The flowers are the feature that distinguishes this family from all other plant families. Asteraceae, eupatorieae in relation to pollination and the role of floral visitors have been observed in two argentine localities. The following dichotomous key reflects the traditional classification of the genera of the apiaceae into subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes. Click on the photo or the name of the plant for which you wish to see further information. Sunflowers upper right are cultivated for their oilrich. Each flowerhead is made up of many small flowers known as florets. Aggregation of flowers into heads with involucres appears to have been a parallel phenomenon in calyceraceae and asteraceae, given the determinate nature of the former and indeterminate racemose organization of the latter. Reproductive biology, seed germination publications scientifiques. In the jepson manual of california plants, if one interprets the groove as only a. The asteraceae asters, daisy or sunflower family or compositae composites are a very large and diverse group of flowering plants angiosperms with some 1620 genera and over 23 000 species. Pdf asteraceae tribus arctoteae, calenduleae y cardueae.
Many genera are extremely widespread, while others are endemic to single countries. Pdf nine additional cultivated species of asteraceae from java. Description of the diverse forms of life was made by obse. Asteraceae family is the largest family of angiosperms. In this way the family name asteraceae is made up by using the name aster and adding aceae. This classification relies heavily on characters of fruit morphology and anatomy, many of which are subject to convergent evolution e. The ovary of each flower is situated below the attachment of the corolla and stamens, a condition referred to as epigynous or inferior. Kuete, in medicinal spices and vegetables from africa, 2017.
With more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world, asteraceae is one of the largest plant families. Graphitylis was created by nordenstam 1978 for all six of the species of senecio sect. Effectiveness of asteraceae extracts on trichostrongylidae. The central flowers in such heads, as the last to open, may appear radially symmetrical while still in bud, as in the common dandelion, but should not be. They have a unique type of inflorescence consisting of many tiny flowers aggregated together in a flower head a capitulum that forms a false flower. Ray flowers are sometimes also called ligulate, especially in the tribe in which all heads consist entirely of such ligulate flowers. It is probably native to southern europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it may possibly be of garden origin. List of plants in the family asteraceae britannica. Us wildflowers database of family asteraceae wildflowers.
This feature asks you to recognize members of the asteraceae composite family. Be sure to smell it too, since many species of the family are loaded with aromatic volatile oils. The family is divided into three subfamilies and a number of tribes. Morphology of flowering plants morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. Composite family definition, the large and varied plant family compositae or asteraceae, typified by herbaceous plants having alternate, opposite, or whorled leaves and a whorl of bracts surrounding the flower heads, which are usually composed of a disk containing tiny petalless flowers and a ray of petals extending from the flowers at the rim of the disk, some flower heads being composed. Asteraceae is a healthcare consultancy company started by doctors for the doctors and hospital promoters. Fabaceae leguminosae the pea, bean and mimosa family 730 genera 19,500 species alternate, stipulate, pinnately to palmately a keel or flaring apart distribution.
The most obvious and outstanding general feature of asteraceae is that the flowers are grouped characteristically into compact inflorescences heads that superficially resemble individual flowers. Asteraceae simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Furthermore, in more than half the members of the family, the flowers in. Pdf the family asteraceae the daisy family is probably the largest plant family in the world. Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of compositae pdf. Flowers are dichogamous protandrous with secondary pollen presentation brushing type. Modes of reproduction in the chinese asteraceae are known only fragmentarily. Asteraceae have a great diversity of reproductive systems. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic mimosoideae, zygomorphic caesalpinioideae to very zygomorphic papilionoideae, mostly in racemes, corymbs, spikes, heads, or panicles. They are distinguished by having flower heads capitula which are made of hundreds or thousands of tiny individual flowers. New combinations and infrafamilial taxa in the asteraceae. Use the browse function to explore the taxonomic hierarchy embedded within the plant list.
The pollination biology of pseudostifftia kingii h. Floral visitors of three asteraceae species in a xeric. This system is a marked departure from the more familiar system of engler and prantl. In recent years, the number of infectious diseases linked to the occurrence of bacterial and fungal resistance has increased, leading to extensive search for new drugs to treat these infections. The laboratory tests showed that the ethanol extract from flowers of the species aster lanceolatus presented high activity against trichostrongylidae eggs development in sheep, inhibiting larva formation by 91% within 48 hours, and maintaining similar rates after 72 hours. The asteraceae may represent as much as 10% of autochthonous flora in many regions of the world. Containing 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbs, shrubs and trees, this family is found in a wide variety of habitats from polar to tropical regions. Most members of the aster family in new england are annual or perennial herbs. An unusual new record of baccharis asteraceae from the.